on (May 17, 2025) in the presence of the head of departments and lecturer a symposium entitled (Renal Failure and Clinical Biochemistry), was presented by (Dr. Mwafaq Ramzi Haji) from the Medical Laboratory department, Where it has been explained about, Renal failure, a significant health concern, is characterized by the kidneys' inability to adequately filter waste products from the blood, leading to metabolic disturbances. Clinical biochemistry plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring renal dysfunction through the assessment of key biomarkers such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes (e.g., potassium, sodium), and urinary proteins. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present distinct biochemical profiles, aiding in differential diagnosis and management. Additionally, emerging biomarkers like cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) offer improved sensitivity in early detection. Understanding the biochemical alterations in renal failure enables timely intervention, guiding therapeutic strategies such as dialysis, electrolyte management, and nutritional support. This review highlights the essential role of clinical biochemistry in renal failure diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment optimization. Keywords: Renal failure, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), clinical biochemistry, biomarkers, serum creatinine, GFR, electrolytes.. At the end of the Symposium a set of questions and answers were raised on this subject Renal failure, whether acute or chronic, leads to significant biochemical disruptions that can severely impact patient health. Clinical biochemistry provides essential tools for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and guiding treatment strategies. Key biomarkers such as serum creatinine, BUN, GFR, and electrolytes remain fundamental in assessing renal function, while novel markers like cystatin C and NGAL enhance early detection and prognostic accuracy. Effective management of renal failure relies on integrating biochemical insights with therapeutic interventions, including dialysis, fluid and electrolyte balance, and dietary modifications. Continued research into advanced biomarkers and personalized medicine holds promise for improving outcomes in renal failure patients. Thus, clinical biochemistry remains indispensable in optimizing renal care and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with kidney dysfunction.